ASTM A36 Steel Plate: The Ultimate Structural Solution for Robust Construction
ASTM A36 steel plate is a cornerstone of structural engineering in the United States, renowned for its versatility, strength, and cost-effectiveness12. As a low-carbon steel grade compliant with ASTM A36/A36M standards, it combines exceptional machinability, weldability, and durability—making it indispensable for projects demanding lightweight yet high-strength materials13.
Grades and Designations
Under the ASTM system, “A36” denotes:
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A36 – Standard requirement for carbon steel shapes, plates, and bars for welding, bolting, or riveting.
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A36M – The metric equivalent, with yield strength in megapascals (MPa).
No subgrades exist within A36, but the specification permits variations in form (plates, bars, shapes) and accepts additional requirements (e.g., impact testing at low temperature).
Chemical Composition
The chemical limits for A36 are tightly controlled to ensure consistent performance. We adhere to the following maximum and minimum concentrations:
| Element | C (%) | Mn (%) | P (%) max | S (%) max | Si (%) max | Cu (%) max |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Range | 0.25–0.29 | 0.80–1.20 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.15 | 0.20 |
Two key data points:
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Carbon content is nominally 0.26 % for optimum weldability .
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Manganese is capped at 1.20 % to maintain ductility.
Mechanical Properties & Test Data
We verify ASTM A36 plates through tensile and bend tests. Typical values:
| Property | Metric Value | Imperial Value |
|---|---|---|
| Yield Strength | ≥ 250 MPa | ≥ 36 ksi |
| Ultimate Tensile | 400–550 MPa | 58–80 ksi |
| Elongation (in 200 mm) | ≥ 23 % | ≥ 23 % |
| Hardness (Brinell) | ≤ 133 HB | ≤ 133 HB |
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A standard tensile test shows yield at 250 MPa, and ultimate at about 450 MPa—a median of the specified range.
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Bend tests at room temperature confirm no cracking on the reverse side.
Dimensional Standards
We supply plates in thicknesses from 6 mm up to 150 mm, widths up to 2,500 mm, and lengths up to 12,000 mm. Standard tolerances follow ASTM A6/A6M:
| Thickness (t) | Tolerance (mm) |
|---|---|
| up to 100 mm | ± 1.0 mm |
| 100–150 mm | +2/–1.0 mm |
Cross sections (I‑beams, channels, angles) adhere to ASTM A6 shapes tables.
Global Equivalents and Standards
Beyond ASTM A36, equivalent standards include:
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EN S235JR (Europe) – Similar yield (235 MPa) but slightly lower carbon .
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JIS SS400 (Japan) – Comparable tensile range but different elongation criteria.
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GB Q235 (China) – Equivalent yield and tensile values with different impact test requirements.
Differences lie mainly in permitted impurities, impact requirements, and test temperatures.
Comparison with Other Carbon Steels
We often compare A36 to other mild steels:
| Property | A36 | AISI 1018 | EN S235JR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yield Strength | 250 MPa | 370 MPa | 235 MPa |
| Ultimate Tensile | 400–550 MPa | 440–510 MPa | 360–510 MPa |
| Elongation | ≥ 23 % | ≥ 15 % | ≥ 26 % |
| Weldability | Excellent | Excellent | Excellent |
| Typical Use | Structural | Machining parts | Structural |
Though A36 yields less than 1018, it has superior ductility, making it ideal for welded structures.
Key Features & Specifications
- Thickness Range: Available in standard and heavy-duty profiles, A36 steel plate spans 3/16″ to 18″ (4.7–457 mm) thicknesses, with widths up to 120″ (3,048 mm) and lengths reaching 480″ (12,192 mm)15.
- Certification: Guaranteed to meet ASTM A36 specifications, mill test reports validate compliance with chemical composition and mechanical properties15.
- Fabrication Flexibility: Compatible with riveting, bolting, and welding processes, ensuring adaptability across diverse construction needs26.
- Global Equivalents: While A36 aligns closely with EN 10025 S275 and China’s GB/T 700 Q235, slight variations in regional standards may require tailored material selection17.
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Tell us your project needs—size, grade, coating or end prep— and we’ll provide:
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Tailored specifications
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Let’s partner up to supply your A36 Carbon Steel Sheet/Plate—request a quote or sample today!
Material Properties
Mechanical Performance:
- Yield Strength: ≥36 ksi (250 MPa)15
- Tensile Strength: 58–80 ksi (400–550 MPa)14
- Elongation: ≥20% over 8″ gauge length14
Chemical Composition (Varies by Thickness):
| Thickness Range | Carbon (max) | Manganese | Phosphorus (max) | Sulfur (max) | Silicon | Copper (min) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤0.75″ (19 mm) | 0.25% | – | 0.030% | 0.030% | ≤0.40% | 0.20% |
| >0.75″–1.5″ (19–38 mm) | 0.25% | 0.80–1.20% | 0.030% | 0.030% | ≤0.40% | 0.20% |
| >1.5″–4″ (38–102 mm) | 0.27% | 0.85–1.20% | 0.030% | 0.030% | 0.15–0.40% | 0.20% |
Note: Manganese and silicon enhance strength and deoxidization, while controlled phosphorus/sulfur levels optimize weldability and toughness45.
Applications Across Industries
ASTM A36’s high strength-to-weight ratio and formability make it ideal for:
- Infrastructure: Bridges, skyscrapers, and highway guardrails26.
- Heavy Machinery: Crane components, mining equipment, and agricultural machinery28.
- Transportation: Shipbuilding, railcar frames, and trailer chassis26.
- Energy Sector: Pressure vessels, storage tanks, and offshore platform supports24.
Additionally, its corrosion resistance (enhanced by copper content) suits moderate-environment applications, though protective coatings are recommended for harsh conditions56.
Advantages Over Competing Grades
- Cost-Efficiency: Among the most economical structural steels, balancing performance and affordability26.
- Inventory Availability: Major suppliers like Leeco® Steel maintain large stocks, minimizing lead times37.
- Sustainability: Fully recyclable, aligning with green construction practices68.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
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What is the primary use of ASTM A36 steel?
It is mainly used for structural applications like beams and columns, where moderate strength and high ductility are required. -
Can A36 be heat treated?
A36 is not designed for heat treatment; its properties come from controlled rolling and cooling. -
How does A36 compare to A572 Grade 50?
A572 Gr 50 offers higher yield strength (345 MPa) but is slightly less ductile than A36. -
Is A36 weldable with all processes?
Yes. It is readily welded using MIG, TIG, and stick methods without pre‑heat. -
What surface preparation is needed before painting?
Pickling and passivation, followed by grit blasting to Sa2.5, ensures optimal coating adhesion.
Luo Kaiwei Steel Company is a multi-ISO certified steel manufacturer specializing in carbon steel plates, pipes and galvanized coils since 2010. Competitive prices and ASTM/JIS compliant. Get instant quotes for bulk orders and global shipping support.